PRINCIPLES OF ART - Certain qualities inherent in the choice and arrangement of elements of art in the production of a work of art. Artists "design" their works to varying degrees by controlling and ordering the elements of art. Considering the principles is especially useful in analyzing ways in which a work is pleasing in formal ways. How any work exhibits applications of these principles can further or modify other characteristics of a work as well.
CONCEPT: The idea.
CONCEPTION: The psychological process of forming ideas.
CONTEXT: The relationship of an object to its environment.
PROXIMITY: Distance between the parts of a structure or between an object and audience.
PERCEPTION: How the human mind understands information provided by our senses.
COMPOSITION: The arrangement, or structuring of various elements in a 3-D Design.
BOUNDARY: The dividing line between objects, images, or experiences.
JUNCTION: The place where objects or events meet. A physical intersection between elements or parts in a 3-D object.
CONTENT: The subject matter of a work of art, plus its emotional, intellectual, symbolic, spiritual, and/or narrative implications, as opposed to its physical form.
OBJECTIVE: Free from personal feelings; the emphasis is on the descriptive and factual rather than the expressive or subjective.
SUBJECTIVE: Emphasizing the artist’s emotions or personal viewpoint rather than informational content.
ABSTRACT: Shapes or forms that simplify, emphasize, or distort qualities of a real-life image rather than trying to represent its details accurately. In some cases the intent is to present the "essence" of an object rather than its outer form.
REPRESENTATIONAL: Shapes or forms that accurately depict a real life source.
SYMBOL: A form which represents something beyond its immediate meaning.
SUBORDINATION: Of secondary importance.
DOMINANCE: The principle of composition in which certain elements assume greater importance than others.
EMPHASIS: Attention given to some aspect of a composition to increase its prominence.
FOCAL POINT: A compositional device used to create emphasis.
PROPORTION: The relative size of visual elements within an image.
BALANCE: The equal distribution of weight or force among visual units.
SYMMETRY: A form of balance that is created when shapes are mirrored on either side of a central axis.
ASYMMETRY: Equilibrium among visual elements that do not mirror each other on either side of an axis.
RADIAL SYMMETRY: A form of balance that is created when shapes or volumes are mirrored both vertically and horizontally, with the center of the composition acting as a focal point.
RHYTHM: The quality of form which results from presentation of multiple units in a deliberate pattern at regular intervals or repetitions.
REPETITION: The use of the same visual element or effect a number of times in the same composition.
OPPOSITION: Resistance, contrast, or contradiction between visual elements.
JUXTAPOSITION: The adjacent placement of visual elements.
CONTRAST: The degree of difference between objects, shapes, colors, etc.
TENSION: The extension of an object through stretching or bending.
TORSION: The distortion of an object through a twisting movement.
HARMONY: A pleasing or soothing relationship among design elements.
UNITY: Compositional similarity, oneness, togetherness, or cohesion.
VARIETY: The differences which give a design visual and conceptual interest (use of contrast, emphasis, size variation, etc.)
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